NAWiStem3D
Neural Organoids: Epistemological, Ethical, and Legal Implications of Alternative Stem Cell-Derived 3D Models
The NAWiStem3D research project (2026-2029) examines three-dimensional models of the human brain generated from stem cells, known as neural organoids, from the perspective of philosophy of science, ethics and law. Neural organoids are currently the subject of great hopes that they will enable research into the fundamental mechanisms underlying human development and disease and contribute to personalized therapies. At the same time, key questions remain unanswered. The project addresses these questions through three interrelated subprojects.
Scientific Theory and Practice
New model systems are increasingly being used to investigate fundamental mechanisms of the nervous system and to support the development and selection of therapeutic agents. Many questions remain regarding the underlying assumptions, as well as the possibilities and limitations of this research.
The main objective of the subproject is to examine the conditions shaping decision-making and action in current developments in three-dimensional stem cell research. Drawing on approaches from the philosophy of medicine and philosophy of science, the project will identify and critically examine the underlying assumptions of current research practices and explore their normative implications. This perspective situates the research within the broader dynamics at the interface of science and society, with a particular focus on factors that accompany and shape the development of the technology as it moves towards potential clinical translation.
Ethical Evaluation
Ethical evaluation requires the balancing of multiple interests, shaped not only by the current state of knowledge but also by expectations regarding future developments.
The main objective of this subproject is to examine the dimensions of risk and potential benefits on the basis of an analysis of existing normative documents. The analysis will address questions concerning the moral status of these increasingly complex biological systems and the rights of donors. In light of the anticipated shift towards increasingly personalized medicine, the project will also examine issues relating to data infrastructure and the traceability of personal data. On this basis, the project aims to develop recommendations that can contribute to ensure the responsible research and application of organoid technology.
Health Policy and Law
Legal scholarship is currently confronted with a range of questions at both the national and international levels, irrespective of the specific legal system concerned. These include questions of consent and ownership, as well as the legal status and personhood of increasingly complex stem cell-derived systems.
The subproject aims to develop recommendations that can respond to the dynamic nature of scientific developments and evolving societal views. To this end, the project focuses on international soft-law instruments, in particular recommendations developed within the framework of a Code of Conduct. While such instruments are not legally binding, they can contribute to fostering ethical consensus and inform national policy making.